It was two hours into the Workers' Party's (WP) biennial conference on Sunday, May 29, and party cadres had sat through lengthy reports from office-holders such as the secretary-general and treasurer.

The next item on the agenda - electing the party's top two leaders - was supposed to be quick and routine.

Ever since Mr Low Thia Khiang took on the mantle of secretary-general in 2001 and Ms Sylvia Lim became chairman in 2003, no one has challenged their positions.

The election of the chairman was up first and, as expected, Ms Lim was returned unopposed.

But when it came to the secretary-general's post, a hand shot up from among the 100 or so cadres gathered at a rented conference room in Cecil Street.

Deputy treasurer L. Somasundaram nominated outgoing treasurer Chen Show Mao for the position. This was promptly seconded by Central Executive Council (CEC) member John Yam.

There was a stunned silence.

One cadre said it "lasted just seconds but felt like a minute" .

The challenge came out of the blue to many who were there. But to some, it was not a total surprise.

One senior party member, who asked not to be named, revealed to The Sunday Times that, prior to the meeting, he had been consulted extensively about a leadership fight by some of those who backed Mr Chen.

Yet Mr Chen kept his cards so close to his chest that this senior member, among others, did not know until that very moment if Mr Chen would follow through and actually throw his hat into the ring.

Ms Lim was the first to react and asked Mr Chen if he would accept the nomination.

Yes, came the reply, and he asked to speak to the cadres.

Ms Lim said it was against protocol, but Mr Chen managed to squeeze in a few words of thanks for the nomination.

A few cadres then tried to question the impending contest, but Ms Lim again cited rules and proceeded with a vote.

After the voting was over, and Mr Low prevailed with 61 votes to Mr Chen's 45, a section of the room broke out in applause and cheers.

Mr Low then addressed the cadres, saying he was prepared to accept any outcome, as he revealed that he had abstained from voting.

If he had done so, he would have nudged his winning margin to 17 votes.

Turning then to his opponent, he thanked Mr Chen for giving the cadres a chance to cast their ballots for the party chief for the first time in 15 years.

Workers' Party new faces

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ASSESSING THE IMPACT

The challenge for the secretary-general's post, not surprisingly, grabbed the headlines and the public's attention. But it is polls for 12 other positions within the CEC, which took place immediately after that, which arguably has the more lasting impact on the party.

The WP, under Mr Low's stewardship, began to emphasise leadership renewal in recent years.

And this new CEC now has more younger leaders in the line-up than the previous one.

In the September 2015 General Election, Mr Low earmarked candidates standing in the Fengshan single-seat constituency and in five-man East Coast GRC as future leaders of the party.

All of them, except for former librarian Mohamed Fairoz Shariff, were successfully elected into the CEC on May 29.

Both of those who nominated Mr Chen for the party chief's post - Mr Somasundaram, 53, and Mr Yam, 54 - lost their CEC re-election bids.

This means the WP's top decision-making body now appears to be more aligned with Mr Low and his vision for the future of the party.

Mr Low's confidence that his succession plans remain on track is also reflected in his move to revive the post of assistant secretary-general after a 10-year absence.

He explained last week that he did not see the need for the post this past decade because the party was still moulding a new leadership core.

But it has now successfully cultivated one.

And so despite the challenge to Mr Low's position, the party's overall direction has not wavered.

SIZEABLE DISCONTENT

Still, Mr Chen's 45 votes show there is a significant number who disapprove of Mr Low's leadership or are at least displeased enough to vote against him.

Indeed, Mr Low's 61 votes appears to be a lacklustre endorsement considering that the party inducted 28 new cadres - members with the right to vote for the CEC - in April, an unusually high number.

These new cadres were believed to be mostly supportive of Mr Low's style of running the party.

Which raises the question, so who backed Mr Chen?

Some of those who voted for Mr Chen, who did not want to be named, told The Sunday Times that they are stalwarts who have become disgruntled over several issues.

They believe their long party membership should be recognised and they want to be consulted on weighty party matters such as crafting the election manifesto and selecting electoral candidates.

Currently, they say, Mr Low consults only a small band of people - his inner circle - and he also has the final word on who gets fielded in elections.

Some also suggested that the party has favoured those with professional qualifications such as lawyers and academics in recent years, and neglected those with a more grassroots background.

Additionally, they feel that Mr Low mishandled the Aljunied-Hougang-Punggol East Town Council saga, where a special audit by the Auditor-General's Office in February last year uncovered governance and financial lapses.

They claim that they had asked the party leaders to explain themselves on several occasions, but did not get satisfactory responses.

The town council is in the process of fixing these issues with the help of audit firm KPMG.

These cadres feel that this controversy in its crown jewel - Aljunied GRC - provided the ruling People's Action Party with ample opportunity to discredit the WP, reflected badly on the party and impacted on the party's performance in the 2015 General Election.

Mr Low's allies, however, counter that the party rewards those who contribute their time and effort tangibly.

The number of years someone chalks up as a party member does not count for much without recent active participation.

They also point out that there were candidates in last year's and previous general elections who were from "humble" backgrounds and not mainly those who work in professional fields.

Also, they noted, if the grievances of this group were truly about there being too many professionals, then it was ironic that they hitched themselves to Mr Chen - the opposition party's star catch in 2011, who was a Rhodes Scholar and is a high-flying corporate lawyer.

WHAT NOW?

Are these differences deep enough to splinter the party, as has happened with a number of other political parties here when their leaders fell out with each other?

For now, that is an unlikely scenario as most of the prominent members of the WP are firmly in Mr Low's camp.

Mr Chen also has his parliamentary seat to consider, as he will lose his status as an MP should he quit the party. The public backlash that could ensue for weakening Singapore's only opposition party with a parliamentary presence could also be unforgiving.

The challenge, coming this early in the general election cycle, could limit any potential damage to the party. Given that the next national polls must be held by January 2021, there is ample time for factions to sort out differences.

This includes putting to rest perceptions that a split exists between Mr Chen and his fellow Aljunied GRC MPs, and that if this is unresolved, it could weigh negatively on voters' minds the next time they go to the polls.

But even if Mr Low and his supporters believe, looking ahead, that their path is what is best for the party, in the short term they still have to face the inconvenient truth that there appears to be a rift between themselves and a group of cadres which they must try and bridge.

After all, the party chief held on to his position with 57.5 per cent of the vote. Mr Chen, or anyone with sufficient ambition for that matter, could feel emboldened enough to mount a second leadership challenge at the next conference of cadres in two years' time.

Such a move would rock the stability of the party even further at a time when the next general election would be on the horizon.

The WP retained Aljunied GRC with a razor-thin margin at last September's polls and can ill afford to have any continued signs of disunion between Mr Low and Mr Chen - or between any two opposing camps for that matter.

Whether there will indeed be a second challenge also depends on Mr Chen's motivation for contesting against Mr Low in the first place - something that he has not responded to despite repeated questioning from the press.

If he is truly politically ambitious and in it to win it, then he would feel encouraged that he has to persuade only about 10 cadres to switch sides.

But he could also be merely flexing his political muscle to gain more bargaining power and say within the party. Mr Chen has, after all, consistently been one of the top vote-getters in party elections since he joined the WP.

So if Mr Low proves to be receptive to the signalling, Mr Chen could be happy not to run for the secretary-general's post in 2018.

PUBLIC UNITY

For now, Mr Low and Mr Chen are downplaying the leadership contest and making a public show of unity.

Moments after the May 29 party conference, both portrayed the challenge as a simple case of democracy in action.

But beyond what was said to reporters, perhaps what was more telling was that they appeared before the press separately.

Mr Low was flanked by the chairman, Ms Lim, and Mr Pritam Singh, who was appointed assistant secretary-general on June 7, nine days after the party conference.

Mr Chen, on his part, offered only brief remarks to the media as he made a quick exit before Mr Low emerged.

Mr Somasundaram and Mr Yam, the duo who had backed his failed bid for the party leadership, were also one of the first cadres to leave the conference venue.

Contest just a footnote in WP chief Low Thia Khiang's long political career

When Workers' Party (WP) chief Low Thia Khiang was first elected secretary-general in 2001, he was the youngest member of the Central Executive Council (CEC).

Two weeks ago, after seeing off his very first challenge for the same post, he observed with satisfaction that he was now the oldest.

The circumstances in which he took over the WP explain his emphasis on party renewal and the need to bring in fresh blood to its leadership ranks.

In 2001, Mr Low was taking over the reins of a WP that had enjoyed electoral success in having won the Anson by-election in 1981, and having earned two Non-Constituency MP seats over the years.

But the party was also stagnating, failing to attract enough promising new leaders, while its previous secretary-general J.B. Jeyaretnam, was mired in expensive libel action.

Over the next 15 years, Mr Low shaped the WP into Singapore's leading opposition party by paying attention to the finest details - even playing fashion police by making party activists don more formal attire at outreach activities to give them a more respectable and serious image.

However, the spectre of a political party filled with ageing members continued to haunt Mr Low, and two weeks ago, he described how it was a "very scary" prospect for a party to be without clear succession plans.

It appears that he is ready to enter the next phase of party renewal, having described the current CEC as being the best team he has assembled so far.

Beyond the WP's rejuvenation, Mr Low also played a crucial role in breaking the People's Action Party's (PAP) monopoly on GRCs.

This crowning achievement came in the 2011 General Election, when he left the safety of his Hougang single-member constituency to contest and win Aljunied GRC.

Political observer Derek da Cunha feels that the party's electoral success under Mr Low is enough for him to secure and cement his place in Singapore's political history.

"Ultimately, the only standard - and it is a standard applied around the world - by which one should judge the leader of a political party is the number of seats his party secures in the legislature. Everything else is secondary," he says.

He goes on to point out that Mr Low's predecessor, Mr Jeyaretnam, could secure only one elected seat for the WP in Parliament at any one time during his 30 years as party chief.

"On the other hand, Mr Low secured six fully elected MPs in GE2011, which was a decade after he took over the helm of the WP," he adds.

"If a party leader consistently fails to secure parliamentary seats for his party, then the convention around the world is that such a person should step down as leader. Clearly, this is not an issue that applies to Mr Low.

"The WP has nine parliamentarians - six MPs and three Non-Constituency MPs. It does not share the parliamentary limelight with any other non-PAP party."

Seen in this light, the leadership challenge by fellow Aljunied GRC MP Chen Show Mao may warrant just a footnote in Mr Low's long and storied political career.

But the contest could still cast a pall on Mr Low's legacy should it lead to disunity within the Aljunied team and ultimately cause them, and the party, to lose at the polls.

In the meantime, Mr Low has moved to close ranks publicly and has refused to be drawn into commenting on Mr Chen's leadership challenge. Mr Chen has also retained his position as party treasurer, a move which National University of Singapore political scientist Bilveer Singh says makes Mr Low look good and accommodating.

"I do see a purge and marginalisation of those opposed to Low taking place, even though this is going to be a 'slow burn' to show Low's magnanimity and not vengeance," he adds.

MILESTONES

1957: The Workers' Party (WP) is formed by former chief minister David Marshall. It takes part in its first election and wins four out of five seats it contests in the City Council.

1971: Lawyer J. B. Jeyaretnam takes over as secretary- general, a post he holds for 30 years.

1981: The WP wins the Anson by-election, the first time the opposition wins a seat since Independence. But Mr Jeyaretnam loses the seat in 1986 after being fined $5,000 for making a false declaration on WP accounts in 1982.

1991: Mr Low Thia Khiang wins the Hougang seat, which he would hold for 20 years.

2001: Mr Jeyaretnam quits the party and Mr Low takes over as secretary-general.

2011: The WP wins Aljunied GRC, the opposition's first victory in a group representation constituency.

2012: The party retains its Hougang seat in a by-election.

2013: The WP wins the Punggol East by-election, thus having a total of seven elected seats in Parliament, the highest number held by an opposition party since Independence.

2015: The WP retains the Aljunied and Hougang constituencies but loses Punggol East. The results give the party six elected MPs and three Non-Constituency MPs, establishing it as the only opposition party with a parliamentary presence.

2016: Aljunied GRC MP Chen Show Mao challenges Mr Low for the secretary-general position, the first time the post is contested in 15 years. Mr Low prevails with 61 votes to Mr Chen's 45.

This article was first published on June 12, 2016.
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Chen Show Mao may have considered a challenge in 2014 but decided against it after doing the numbers, say insiders. So why now, and what was his plan?

Ever the enigma, Mr Chen Show Mao has kept his reasons for mounting a leadership challenge close to his chest.

When asked by reporters a day after his failed bid why he had stood for the post of secretary-general, he first gave a non-specific reply: "It gave us an opportunity to exercise our democratic rights."

But, in words hinting at possible discontent among some quarters in the Workers' Party (WP), he added that the Central Executive Council (CEC) election gave members a chance to "choose how to govern ourselves for the next two years".

Mr Chen's thinking when he decided to accept the nomination for secretary-general may also have been foreshadowed much earlier - in his maiden parliamentary speech in 2011.

He noted then that Singaporeans told him there were political fault lines here, and that such divisions were not conducive to unity and the country's development.

Speaking in Mandarin, he asked: "But how are these divisions caused? Is it because different voices have emerged in society or is it because we cannot accommodate different voices?"

Related: What leadership renewal means for WP and voters

Workers' Party new faces

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The Straits Times, WP Facebook, WP Instagram, Youtube

Party insiders say Mr Chen could have been contemplating a challenge in 2014, when the WP last held its CEC election.

But he, or his backers, decided to hold off after doing the maths and realising there would not be enough votes to prevail, they add.

The May 29 election, on the other hand, was a favourable time for a challenge for three reasons, say these well-placed WP members.

First, a win by Mr Chen now would give him a clean slate to build his record for the next general election. It would not have been the case if he had done so and won in 2014. With a GE then looming, Mr Chen would have had to lead the WP while hoping that Mr Low's past stewardship would still rub off on voters - an awkward position for a new party chief to be in.

Second, a challenge in 2014 - near the end of an electoral cycle - would have given rise to public and voter concerns about the WP's internal stability. Had he mounted a challenge it might also not have translated into the kind of results the WP achieved nationally in GE2015. Even if he had won the post, he would have had little time to consolidate his position ahead of the national polls.

Lastly, the WP believed it was on a trajectory where voters were willing to vote for the opposition. And if the WP was confident of retaining and building on its gain of Aljunied GRC, a failed leadership challenge in 2014 could have translated into Mr Chen being dropped from the WP slate in GE2015.

But by mounting a challenge now, Mr Chen has a good gauge of his level of support among WP cadres. And should he decide to do so again in 2018, it will not come as a shock to members.

The question for Mr Chen, say observers, is this: What's next?

Party members tacitly acknowledge that his performance in Parliament has been lacklustre. Support within the party may also have weakened. Both members who put him up for party chief - Mr John Yam and Mr L. Somasundaram - lost their re-election bids. Yet fresh faces aligned to Mr Low Thia Khiang were elevated to the CEC.

In a fresh response yesterday to The Sunday Times on his decision to contest, and to what members said about his performance, Mr Chen would only say: "I considered whether to contest and finally decided to accept the nomination as I believe the party ought to stand tall enough to undergo this open democratic process, and that WP leadership will emerge the stronger for it. Now that the elections are over, much remains to be done and we in the WP stand behind the elected CEC under Thia Khiang's leadership."

Analysts believe that while he and Mr Low has struck conciliatory tones, Mr Chen's challenge has lasting consequences.

Given that he garnered 42 per cent of the vote in a party known to value internal discipline, National University of Singapore political scientist Bilveer Singh says the WP is now likely to close ranks and work towards having a more predictable CEC election come 2018.

"This will probably be the last time you see this type of 'democracy' as WP leaders will solidify the party so that the public will not doubt it as a united party of the future," he says.

Related: WP's core of next-gen leaders takes shape

This article was first published on June 12, 2016.
Get a copy of The Straits Times or go to straitstimes.com for more stories.

What are the calculations behind installing its two youngest elected MPs, Pritam Singh and Faisal Manap, in key posts?

The Workers' Party's (WP) two youngest elected MPs - Mr Pritam Singh and Mr Muhamad Faisal Abdul Manap - are now in key party positions following last month's internal elections.

Mr Singh, 40, was named the WP's assistant secretary-general (ASG), while fellow Aljunied GRC MP, Mr Faisal, also 40, was appointed vice-chairman.

Even though Mr Low downplayed the significance of Mr Singh's appointment as assistant secretary- general - pitching it as being part of the party's renewal process - analysts say that filling a position that was long dormant is a strong signal of who Mr Low wants to succeed him when he steps down.

The assistant secretary-general post was left vacant for 10 years.

It appears to have been a symbolic gesture not to anoint someone from the next generation of leaders to be first-among-equals. Until now.

Mr Singh is also climbing the party's leadership structure in a similar way as Mr Low once did. Mr Singh was previously the organising secretary, a post Mr Low himself once held before becoming secretary-general in 2001.

Analysts say that in deciding who to elevate within the WP leadership, Mr Low has made a shrewd move. By shining the light on Mr Singh and Mr Faisal - both second-term MPs - he is essentially saying the WP wants to vest its future in those with a track record in constituency work, and who are able to contest and win elections.

This blunts the argument among some disgruntled quarters of the party that Mr Low has, in recent years, sidelined older, more experienced members to make way for untested newcomers.

Mr Low himself pointed out that Mr Singh is "suitable" for the assistant secretary-general's post, given the duties he shouldered thus far.

"He's been chairman of a town council, has experience in managing town council, and he has been active in the grassroots work, Parliament," said Mr Low. "So if you consider in terms of the totality, I think Mr Singh is suitable to be the ASG."

What was left unsaid was Mr Singh's solid performance in GE2015: His Eunos ward attained the highest vote-share for the WP of Aljunied GRC's five wards.

As chairman and the de facto face of the Aljunied-Hougang Town Council, Mr Singh has also had ample opportunity to spar with PAP and government types outside the relative safety of Parliament.

While party insiders concede that the town council's woes may have cost the WP votes in GE2015, many were of the view that Mr Singh acquitted himself well despite numerous challenges and showed stamina for a protracted fight, and they noted that the town council is on track to solve its financial woes with the help of audit firm KPMG.

Political scientist Bilveer Singh points out, though, that the appointment as assistant secretary-general is no guarantee that he is the successor. Rather, it is a signal that his ability to lead will now be closely scrutinised. "It is not surprising that he is now positioned as the ASG. But he must now perform as a party leader and not just as a party worker," said Dr Singh.

"He is key in the driving seat and he is a front runner. But by no means has the decision been made. For that, we must wait for the next GE."

Mr Low, 59, said it is essential for his successor to have the support of the party, something which Mr Singh certainly has. He was re-elected to the CEC with the most number of votes at the May 29 election.

While he declined to provide a timeline for when the baton will be passed, he hinted that it could happen sooner rather than later.

Mr Low told the media that the assistant secretary-general's position was left vacant for the past decade "because we were still developing, we were still cultivating, moulding the new leadership core".

But the new core now appears to have taken shape: Aside from Mr Singh and Mr Faisal , four fresh faces have been tasked to understudy more experienced WP leaders. They include deputy organising secretary Kenneth Foo, 39, who led the Nee Soon GRC team in GE2015, and Non-Constituency MP (NCMP) Leon Perera, 45, who has been appointed deputy chair of WP's media team.

That both men were co-opted into the decision-making body in 2015 and re-elected last month signalled that the challenge for the WP's top job did not derail the party's planned succession process.

Other new faces who made the cut also add to the narrative that Mr Low does not want the WP to regress to the state it was in when he took over in 2001. That year, the party was able to contest only two seats in the general election.

NCMP Dennis Tan, 45, one of the best performers among those who lost in GE2015, was named deputy treasurer, while chocolate factory boss Firuz Khan, 49, was appointed deputy webmaster.

"The line-up has shown that the party has successfully cultivated a younger leadership core which will be able to succeed the older leadership when the time comes," said Mr Low. Even as he played it coy when asked when the deputies would take over key portfolios, the decision to seed them into the CEC showed that Mr Low recognises the importance - and urgency - of getting the next- generation leaders and his identified successors out in the open.

This is so that they can be assessed and accepted not only within the party, but also by the public.

"Whoever succeeds me as party leader, for that matter anyone who becomes (part of the) leadership core, will need to have a favourable public opinion so that the public will continue to support the WP," said Mr Low. "We are a political party, so that's a reality."

This article was first published on June 12, 2016.
Get a copy of The Straits Times or go to straitstimes.com for more stories.

On his first working day at The Straits Times on Feb 20, 1989, Mr Han Fook Kwang did not even have a table to write at.

"It was a big change," recalls the former civil servant who, as an Administrative Service officer, had his own room and personal assistant at the Ministry of Communications, with its no-nonsense, hands-on Permanent Secretary Sim Kee Boon as his mentor.

After that unsettling start as ST's senior leader and feature writer, his bosses - Singapore Press Holdings executive chairman Lim Kim San and editor-in-chief Cheong Yip Seng - chose Mr Han, "for some strange reason" he says, to collaborate with founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on his first book, Lee Kuan Yew: The Man And His Ideas.

That book, which he wrote with his colleagues Warren Fernandez and Sumiko Tan - who are now ST's editor and deputy editor, respectively - became a best-seller, with close to 100,000 copies sold since its launch in 1998.

In January 1995, while writing the book, Mr Han became the paper's political editor.

Then in September 2002, he was made its editor, a position he held until Valentine's Day 2012, when he went on to be managing editor.

That year, after a 10-year hiatus, he returned to column-writing on "hard questions" that mattered to everyone here, such as how Singapore could continue to be successful amid rapid, roiling change everywhere.

The flood of e-mail he got from readers after what he penned in 2012 - much more than he ever got when he first wrote his Thinking Aloud columns in 1989 - spurred him to write every other week.

Four years later, he is still at it, a probing, pellucid voice of the Singapore conscience.

On May 27, he turned 63 and was to have retired from the paper. But he accepted ST's offer to stay on as its Editor-at-Large, albeit one free to pursue his own projects.

His new book, Singapore In Transition: Hope, Anxiety And Question Marks, is out in bookstores.

It comprises 40 of the columns he likes best, plus fresh pieces written to introduce each of the book's sections, that is, on politics, the economy, society, transport and what he calls "odds and ends".

Among these odds and ends is a call close to his heart: the need for Singaporeans to strengthen their sense of community, be it looking out for one another or keeping everywhere clean.

"This is how developed societies get to where they are today," he notes in this interview.

"In places like Western Europe, they are not afraid to tell you off if you don't behave properly and show you are a responsible member of the community."

That, he adds, is how these societies "move up and become the advanced societies that they are".

But in Singapore, he argues, free market forces "pull people apart" because some move up the economic ladder at the expense of others, resulting in "a tendency to be smug and complacent, to feel that we have done it and are so much better than many other societies".

But you need only look at the abandoned meal trays cluttering tables at hawker centres to know that that is not the case, he says.

Unlike people with a sense of community, he points out, "the fellow who's waiting for a table here won't say, 'Hey, why are you leaving all this mess on the table?'"

Looking out for others has to start in school, during a child's formative years, he adds.

He was, for instance, "absolutely floored" recently by a video of schoolchildren in Saitama, Japan, on their hands and knees, scrubbing various areas in their school.

You can watch it on https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=hL5mKE4e4uU.

In a note to Mr Han, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam wrote: "I agree with you that it's this culture, the everyday interactions and quality of relationships, starting from when kids are growing up, that's at the heart of the future we want - the mastery of skills, and deep solidarity among Singaporeans."

Mr Vincent Loo, 57, a commodities sales and relationship manager at financial news and data provider Bloomberg, who has been following Mr Han's writing since his first Thinking Aloud columns, says: "His writing has touched a lot of raw nerves here, which is good because he is not about criticism for criticism's sake. Most of the time, he puts a positive spin on his constructive criticism, which shows us what mature thinking is like."

THAT'S OUR KARMA

Mr Han grew up without a television set in his home, and his first articles for ST in 1989 ran in a newspaper that was all black-and-white, as colour pages were introduced only a few years later.

But by the time he became its editor in late 2002, very powerful political, social and technological forces were conspiring to do in newspapers and, in many cases in the United States, did.

With a far more vocal populace here, and the media scene changed forever by technology in split seconds, he recalls: "Although we tried very hard to produce the best paper we could every day, it didn't satisfy everybody. And I would be the first to admit that that was the case.

"In a way, it's not surprising. Society is changing very fast. Different people have different expectations of a newspaper."

Tapping away at the leg of the coffee table in his office, as he often does when he is pondering something, he muses: "One of the challenges of being an editor is that it's unlike producing a bottle of Coke, where once you get the formula you don't need to tweak it."

"There were areas we fell short. We could have done better," he then says, declining to cite examples.

Asked what he thought of the view that ST reflects the Government's position, he says evenly: "That's our karma. That's part and parcel of who we are. It doesn't mean that we can't be professional and credible and produce a good paper for our readers. But it's a perception that will be very hard to shake off, given our history and the strong influence the Government has."

As to navigating that strong influence, he says: "Every editor in ST has had to navigate this, including the present editor. I did my best navigating it; I will leave it to others to judge how well I did that."

With local opposition political parties given greater coverage on his watch than ever, did speaking truth to the powers that be dent his career advancement?

"Well," he says wryly, "I was already editor of the paper."

He adds: "You have to decide for yourself how you want to do it for the paper. You have to be very sensitive, but you can't always be looking over your shoulder and be afraid of the consequences if you did it one way or another. You have to trust your judgment and you take counsel from your senior editors.

"You have to approach it as professionally as possible, and if you don't do it this way, you're going to lose the readers or put the paper in an untenable position and you're not just going to lose your readers but lose the respect of your colleagues in the newsroom."

KOPITIAM KIA

Mr Han is married to public relations consultant-turned-homemaker Frances Chua, and they have a son, Isaac, and two daughters, Yushan and Yushi.

Mild-mannered, kindly even, he insists he is "a very simple person" with "very simple interests" such as reading a good novel.

At present, he is leafing through Walden by Henry Thoreau and Malgudi Days by R. K. Narayan.

He grew up in his paternal grandfather Han Keng Juan's coffee shop in Joo Chiat Road, with his then five-member family squeezed into a room upstairs, all sleeping on the floor. Across the road was Joo Chiat Community Centre, which had a little library.

Mr Han recalls his father, textile salesman Han Eng Min, "kicking up a big fuss" because librarians there would not issue his son a library card at first, as he was only four.

After Presbyterian Boys' School and Raffles Institution, where he edited its self-funding magazine, the Rafflesian Times, Mr Han left Singapore for the first time for the "perpetually grey skies" of Leeds, Britain, on a Colombo Plan Scholarship.

He returned with a mechanical engineering degree in 1975, did his national service with the Republic of Singapore Air Force, and then joined the Economic Development Board (EDB) in 1978, having decided that he wanted nothing to do with engineering.

While at EDB, he learnt that the Government was short of Administrative Service officers, so he signed up to become one and spent the next nine years crafting policies to back the introduction of the MRT and ERP systems. He also obtained his master's degree in public administration from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government.

ST offered him a job after being suitably impressed with his replies to readers on its Forum page.

With his foot tapping away at the coffee table, one of two tables in his room, he says: "Sometimes, I come across as critical of the way we do things and all that. But that's my little contribution to this attitude which I think the Old Guard leadership had, which was to confront our problems openly and honestly, and where we fall short, to say so."

What it was like to work with Mr Lee

In his new book Singapore In Transition: Hope, Anxiety And Question Marks, ST's Editor-at-Large Han Fook Kwang recalls what working with the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew was like:

"Once he had decided to do something, whether it was writing a book or securing Singapore's future, he was impossible to shake off.

"When he called me one night in August 2008 to do another book, I wasn't thrilled at the prospect. I was then the editor of The Straits Times, with my hands full running the paper. The editor's job was demanding, the hours long, and I did not relish doing another book on top of that.

"But it was impossible to say no after he said he had only two to three years left and he wanted to put across his views on some of the issues that troubled him: the call for more political openness, the backlash against foreigners and the challenges facing Singapore in a rapidly changing world.

"Given his failing health, it might well be his last book. When I took some time to get back to him on the concept of the book, he urged haste, telling me in an e-mail: 'Don't let the grass grow under your feet.'

"Finally, when we had settled on how the book should be done, he was impatient to start, and wrote: 'Try it the way you propose. Outline the subjects to be covered and draft a few chapters. Then, let's try your vigorous probing and challenging of my positions.'

"The book, Hard Truths To Keep Singapore Going, was two years in the making. When we finally launched it in 2011, his health had deteriorated significantly after the death of his wife.

"Indeed, he loomed large in my professional life."

• Singapore In Transition: Hope, Anxiety And Question Marks by Han Fook Kwang is available at $25 with GST at leading bookstores. Meet Mr Han at noon today, when he talks about his new book at the first-ever Singapore Coffee Festival, in the ST Reading Room, Level 3 Food & Drinks Zone, F1 Pit Building.

This article was first published on June 12, 2016.
Get a copy of The Straits Times or go to straitstimes.com for more stories.

A video of a woman lashing out at a disabled cleaner has gone viral. Sunday Life talks to cleaners and disabled workers about the treatment they receive from customers

If you have visited the 12,000 sq ft premises occupied by non-profit organisation Bizlink in recent years, chances are you would have met Ms Ng Hwee Sze.

The bubbly 36-year-old is cheekily referred to by her colleagues as the unofficial "face of Bizlink", given that her role as the front-desk recep- tionist means she is the first point of contact for anyone calling or visiting the premises.

Bizlink provides job employment and assessment services for people with disabilities.

Ms Ng has Apert syndrome, a genetic disorder that causes the premature fusion of certain bones in the skull as well as fingers and toes, for which she has had 13 operations.

But no matter her physical handicap, her bosses say she does her job with pride, just like the growing number of Singaporeans with special needs who hold front-end positions that require frequent interaction with members of the public.

From retail staff to customer service crew to baristas, Singapore employers - including the local arm of global conglomerates such as Starbucks, KFC and Uniqlo - are hiring people with disabilities. Government agency SG Enable was also set up in July 2013 to enhance employability and employment options for those with special needs.

But despite the positive policy and prescriptive changes, it seems the mindset of the Singaporean public still has some catching up to do.

Just a week ago, a video, showing a woman giving a deaf and mute foodcourt cleaner a tongue-lashing for clearing her food prematurely, went viral.



Related: Woman apologises for scolding deaf-mute cleaner

Woman loses cool at deaf and mute cleaner at Jem food court

Click on thumbnail to view photos. Source: 

Facebook video screengrabs, The New Paper

In a survey released last month by Singapore philanthropic house Lien Foundation, findings suggest that Singaporeans are tolerant towards, rather than accepting of, those with special needs - with 64 per cent of the more than 1,000 people polled saying they believe Singaporeans are willing to share public spaces but not interact with the special needs community.

And a survey of 1,000 people with disabilities, released earlier this month by the National Council of Social Service, found that 62 per cent do not feel they are included, accepted, given opportunities to contribute or reach their potential by society.

For special needs people such as Ms Ng, it seems that proving they can do their job well despite their handicap is yet another challenge they have to face.

Ms Ng, who graduated from Ngee Ann Polytechnic with a diploma in accountancy in 2006, recalls a particularly painful instance when she was badly scolded by a client because a Bizlink employee whom the client had gone down multiple times to meet with, was not around.

The daughter of a company director and a housewife says: "When she was shouting at me, I felt very helpless, but I could do nothing other than to apologise. I was made to feel as though I hadn't done my job because of my handicap, even though I had passed on her messages as asked."

Read also: Verbally abused deaf-mute cleaner intends to quit

Leroy Lee (right), who has partial visual impairment, works as a retail sales associate where he introduces tea brands to customers. 

Others like Mr Leroy Lee, a visually impaired retail promoter at 1872 Clipper Tea Co. at Tangs, say dealing with impatient Singaporeans is part and parcel of their customer-facing roles. He suffers from glaucoma, and relies only on faint vision in his left eye after becoming completely blind in his right eye 10 years ago.

"I have definitely dealt with one or two impatient customers in my work," the 52-year-old says. "On my part, I have to find ways and processes to overcome my disability so I can do my best to help my customers."

This latent discrimination is perhaps why many special needs staff choose not to wear badges or tags that identify them as having a disability.

Ms Jacelyn Lim, deputy executive director and head of the Employ- ability and Employment Centre at the Autism Resource Centre, says: "While the purpose of such identification is the hope that members of the public will treat the person with a disability with more patience, tolerance and kindness, there is also the possibility it may lead to them becoming a target to be taken advantage of."

For 21-year-old Starbucks barista Ng Jian Yang, choosing to not wear a badge that identifies him as autistic is based on a decision to focus on his job instead of his special needs.

"If I encounter rude or impatient customers, I just focus on making their drink quickly and moving on to the next one," he says.

Another autistic sales and customer service staff in her 20s, who declines to be named, adds that identification of disabilities can influence people's perceptions of her. "Even if I wear a tag, people may still misunderstand me," she says. "I would rather they not see my disability and focus on my abilities instead."

Despite the challenge of dealing with unsympathetic members of the public, all the workers with disabilities interviewed for this report say their overall experiences in their front-end roles have been positive, bolstered in large part by encouraging co-workers and employers.

Deaf marketing executive Jorena Tan, 36, says her colleagues at public relations firm Affluence PR always prepare PowerPoint slides for their weekly office meetings so she can stay abreast of what is being discussed. They also learn sign language from her every Monday so they can communicate better with her.

Mr Lee says his customers help him read the small print on packaging labels if he has difficulty doing it himself.

And at the Braddell branch of KFC, deaf team member Wendy Wong, 46, has even had some regular customers learn basic gestures so they can indicate whether they want to eat their food at the restaurant or have it to go.

It is positive experiences like these that make special needs employees like Ms Ng not regret choosing jobs that involve so much interaction with members of the public.

"While I do hope that people can be nicer and more understanding towards those with disabilities, why should I be shy and work in a back-end job just because I have a handicap?" she says.

"I love meeting new people, which is why I hope to stay in my job for a long time. I am an extrovert, okay!"- Ankita Varma

'We do the diry work for you'

In his first year working as a cleaner in a foodcourt 10 years ago, Mr Rick Lee, 48, accidentally knocked into a patron and splashed gravy from a bowl on the middle-aged man's white shirt.

The patron was livid and shouted at Mr Lee: "This is branded, you know? I paid $200 for it. I was going to a nice dinner, but you dirtied my shirt. You have to pay for it."

The stain was the size of a golf ball, and Mr Lee believed it would be removed after a wash. But the patron was insistent, so Mr Lee bought him a new shirt that cost about $50, took the dirty shirt off the man's back and got it dry- cleaned by the next day.

Mr Lee and other cleaners tell The Sunday Times that they and their co-workers have encountered unreasonable behaviour from customers.

He says: "We have to 'lower' ourselves and apologise, even if it is not our fault. We have no choice. That's the way it is in the service industry."

The spotlight has been cast on the verbal abuse cleaners are sometimes subjected to, following an incident that happened about a week ago at Jem mall's foodcourt. A deaf and mute cleaner, Mr Png Lye Heng, 64, was yelled at by a woman because he cleared her food before she had finished her meal.

A video, which later went viral, shows the woman lashing out at a manager of the company providing cleaning services to the foodcourt when he tried to explain that his worker was deaf and mute.

Operations manager Winson Soh of cleaning firm Horsburgh Engineering says confrontations between patrons in hawker centres or foodcourts and deaf cleaners are quite common.

He explains that while deaf cleaners have no speech impediments, they are used to communicating with grunts or by gesticulating.

"But the patrons cannot see anything wrong with them, so they get offended and wonder why the cleaner can't just speak to them properly and ask to clear their food," Mr Soh, 40, adds.

Some patrons then end up shouting at the cleaners in anger. Mr Soh says he watches such employees closely and intervenes quickly when a negative situation arises.

Able-bodied cleaners also get scolded for clearing patrons' food when they are not done.

Mr Lee, now a cleaning supervisor employed by Sergent Services, says cleaners are instructed to clear food that is left unattended for 10 to 15 minutes. But some patrons leave their food at the table to buy drinks, which sometimes takes a while.

"They get angry when they return and find their food gone. Some demand that we replace the meal," he says, adding that he has done so in the past.

Cleaners say they also often find themselves on the receiving end of unkind remarks and allegations.

Once, Mr Lee heard a woman telling her son when he was cleaning their table: "If you don't work hard, you will end up like him."

He was hurt, but let it slide. "I tell myself that I am earning an honest living. I am not begging or stealing," he says.

When things go missing, however, cleaners say they are the first to be accused.

Mr Thomas Lee, 48, manager of cleaning firm Friendly Supplies, says: "The question, 'Did you take my things?', is offensive to my staff."

Cleaning managers say the accusers usually do not apologise after the cleaner is found to be innocent.

The cleaners find different ways to deal with the challenges at work.

Madam Soh Ai Kim, 60, recounts that an office employee told her not to touch her bag when cleaning the area because her hands were not clean. "I was hurt, but I just wore a pair of gloves after that," she says.

Those who are told that they have body odour try to change their uniforms multiple times a day.

Mr Mohamed Kahir, 52, who is now in a supervisory position with cleaning firm ISS Facility Services, says he simply nods quietly and smiles when the other party is being unpleasant or unreasonable.

"I try to be humble, and I never go into a direct challenge," he says.

His positive attitude has paid off. He has won awards and certificates of commendation from customers. "I'm proud of the work I do," he says.

"Cleaners are important to the society. We do the dirty work for you that you do not do yourself."- Bryna Singh

This article was first published on June 12, 2016.
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A diver in a red and white Santa Claus costume, with a stringy beard no less, plunges into a tank, sending the fish into a frenzy.

It is feeding time at Underwater World Singapore (UWS), the 25-year-old aquatic attraction on Sentosa whose impending closure at the end of the month has sparked nostalgia and drawn big crowds.

Gliding rays and sharks alike swarm around the diver, engulfing him in a mini fish tornado as he slots food into their mouths one by one.

"I treat them like my babies," said the diver, Mr Philip Chan, 62, the senior supervisor of the curatorial department at UWS, and the head of UWS's team of divers.

But such feeding sessions, which The Straits Times saw last week, will soon be a thing of the past.

Mr Chan, an avid diver who has been with UWS since it opened in 1991, said he is sad to see the animals go.

His affections lean towards the eagle rays and the nurse sharks, which he describes as "gentle".

Two of the nurse sharks have been there since the aquarium's opening, he said.

While he has been bitten a few times by sharks which mistake him for a fish, they let go once they realise he is not food.

"Whenever I get in danger, I just keep calm. I can overcome any danger by just being calm."

During festive periods, Mr Chan is himself a bit of an attraction along with the sharks and stingrays.

His appearances in the UWS tunnel as Underwater Santa during Christmas and Underwater God of Fortune during Chinese New Year have delighted many a guest.

The two costumes were brought out daily following news of the attraction's impending closure.

While humans loved the costumes, Mr Chan said the fish reacted differently when he first wore them many years ago.

"They were shocked when they saw me dressed up for the first time, but after a while, (they) only cared about the food in my hands," he said with a laugh.

His colleagues described him as a big brother, whose priorities are to keep feeding times for the animals strictly on schedule and to ensure the safety of the divers.

Mr Abdul Shukor, 56, who has been working at UWS as a senior diver for the past 25 years, calls Mr Chan the "lighthouse beacon that guides the younger ships".

Said Ms Nirhayu Matunus, 47, secretary to UWS' curatorial department: "Philip is like the big brother at Underwater World Singapore... He is strict, but he actually has a heart for people."

She recounted how he once drove her to the hospital to see her late father.

"He didn't ask me why I was rushing to the hospital or who was hospitalised - he just offered to take me there," she said.

Mr Chan's association with UWS actually started before it opened - he was involved in collecting marine specimens, catching fish and setting up marine life support in 1990, in preparation for the opening of UWS.

He had previously worked in Sentosa's Coralarium - which closed in 1995 - and was involved in the Coral Salvaging Project in 1997, in which he and a group of volunteer divers helped relocate corals threatened by a land reclamation project, from the Southern Islands to Sentosa's north-eastern coral beds.

Mr Chan, who started his working life as a lifeguard in 1975, said his passion for diving began when he took up the sport at the Singapore Armed Forces Yacht Club in his 20s.

Since then, he has clocked an estimated 5,000 dives over the years.

While his wife and two daughters are divers as well, they do not dive as often as Mr Chan, and family dive trips have become rarer as his daughters have grown older.

"Diving is relaxing and trouble-free, and working here makes me happy because I can dive every day and be with the fish.

"Just being in the water and feeding the fish, understanding their behaviour... was the best part (of my job)," said Mr Chan of his time at UWS.

He cited the opening of the aquarium as his fondest memory of his job, recalling the 6,000 to 7,000 visitors every day during its first month, "with lines stretching to Siloso Beach".

While Mr Chan does not know yet what he will do after UWS closes, he is looking forward to a break after working there for 25 years.

Ever the diver, he said: "If I can get my kakis (friends) to go, I'd like to go to our favourite dive spots in Malaysia to snorkel or free-dive."

racheloh@sph.com.sg

This article was first published on June 13, 2016.
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Universities here constantly review their research policies to uphold high standards of integrity, and have in place processes to look into research malpractice when such allegations are made.

Some even have compulsory training courses to school their researchers in good research practices and ethical behaviour.

The universities were responding to queries from The Straits Times (ST) on the measures they take against research malpractice, in the light of a recent incident at Nanyang Technological University (NTU).

The university retracted 11 academic papers authored by researchers from the National Institute of Education (NIE) following malpractice investigations.

ST reported on June 4 that one academic, Dr Noel Chia, was listed as lead author of eight of the papers and co-author for the other three. The special-needs education expert, who had taught at NIE since 2006, resigned in April.

NTU conducted an investigation following allegations of research malpractice.

It found that primary data was not available to verify Dr Chia's research, and said it had doubts about "ethical approvals" for the collection of the data.

Universities here, such as the National University of Singapore and SIM University, expressed zero tolerance towards research misconduct, and errant researchers could face disciplinary action, such as dismissal in serious cases.

NTU research integrity officer Tony Mayer said that if there were allegations of malpractice, an investigating panel might be set up to seek verification of data and sources cited in the research.

"Depending on the outcome of the investigation, the university may demand that the authors publish a correction in the affected journals or retract entirely the published papers," he said.

"The errant researcher is also subject to disciplinary action."

Earlier this year, NTU introduced a research data management policy and a centralised system, where researchers have to store their data and records. The system is searchable by other researchers, so a study or parts of it can be replicated.

To prevent research misconduct, NTU promotes awareness among its researchers. For instance, it has research integrity advisers to offer guidance to other researchers.

There are also compulsory training courses for all PhD students, project officers and research and postdoctoral fellows. A concise training package for faculty is in the pipeline as well.

Other institutions, such as the Singapore University of Technology and Design, also hold training sessions where research issues are discussed.

Institutions noted that the strict guidelines faculty members must observe include emphasising integrity in recording and reporting results, and exercising care in the execution of procedures.

Steps are also taken to ensure that whistleblowers who report research misconduct are protected.

Professor Steven Miller, the vice-provost of research at Singapore Management University, said it expects faculty members to uphold the "highest standards of integrity and ethical practices in research, which would include the responsibility to report research misconduct if such acts are observed".

calyang@sph.com.sg

This article was first published on June 13, 2016.
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Hostel dormitories in secondary schools and junior colleges here mostly cater to international students from regional countries like Malaysia, Vietnam and China.

In recent years, however, more local students have been spotted in these hostels, folding their clothes or cleaning their rooms as they learn to live independently under boarding programmes introduced by several schools offering the Integrated Programme (IP).

At least four IP schools have these boarding programmes, lasting from 10 weeks to a year.

Fees range from about $350 to $700 for four weeks.

In 2007, then Education Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam announced a boarding scheme for Singaporean students to encourage schools to produce all-round stronger individuals with more appetite for intellectual exploration.

He said then: "A close-knit and familial learning environment allows for meaningful interactions among students from different social and cultural backgrounds. It also instils a sense of social responsibility in students as they learn to look after one another."

Since then, several schools have expanded their boarding programmes, citing positive feedback and growing demand from students who favour not just the convenience of staying close to school, but also the camaraderie and opportunities for experiential learning.

The NUS High School of Mathematics and Science's compulsory boarding programme was started for all Year 5 students in 2008, with about 150 to 170 students joining it a year.

Besides offering them the chance to acquire life skills such as cooking, ironing, doing the laundry and cleaning, it also provides a conducive environment for students to complete their advanced research projects, a graduation requirement for all NUS High students, said a spokesman.

Since then, "a handful" of students from each Year 5 cohort have chosen to extend their stay as they want to stay closer to the school and participate in the programmes.

Alumni have also said that the year spent at the boarding school has "equipped the boys with skills to cope better during their national service days and has made the transition to university life easier for the girls", said NUS High.

Ms Lim Guat Ha, the head of Nanyang Girls' Boarding School, said the school's four-week boarding programme for Secondary 2 students has evolved since it began in 2011.

"The idea was to expose them to the international boarders here, and let them learn a bit of independence away from home," she said.

Previously, students did not go through the programme with all their classmates.

Since last year, the whole class has gone for the programme at the same time.

They are allowed to pair up with a student of their choice and share a room with another pair.

While it is not compulsory, every year, over 90 per cent of the school's Sec 2 students take part in the programme.

Every week, time is allocated for small group sessions comprising 12 to 14 students each in which students discuss and reflect on personal goals or their boarding experience.

International students are invited to join the sessions, allowing both groups a chance to get to know one another better on top of day-to-day interactions at the dining hall and common areas.

There are two excursions - to Pulau Ubin and Little India - but with a new spin.

Students plan their own itinerary for an evening excursion to Little India, and make their own travel arrangements.

Besides trekking and kayaking on a one-day trip to Pulau Ubin, they are also expected to plan their own meals and map out their route during the trek to the Chek Jawa wetlands by using available signs.

Interest in the boarding programmes at Hwa Chong Institution (HCI) and Raffles Institution (RI), has grown over the years.

At HCI, a one-year programme was piloted in 2008 involving 50 Sec 3 and 4 students.

Students now board for only 20 weeks.

The programme caters mainly to Sec 3 students.

This year, about 180 of them have joined the programme, up from around 100 in 2013, said Dr Joseph Tan, the director of HCI's boarding school.

In 2008, the Raffles Leadership Programme (Boarding) started as a trial, with 54 student leaders.

It is now a full-cohort programme for Year 3 students, lasting 10 weeks.

The programmes are rotated so that students take turns to stay at the boarding school.

This ensures there is enough space for everyone.

The schools have special areas of focus.

At HCI, skills that the boarding programme aims to develop include entrepreneurial skills and leadership qualities.

Students attend evening programmes for around two hours each week, and can opt for additional electives.

They can attend dinner sessions with alumni, held thrice a term, to learn about the alumni's entrepreneurship experiences.

RI's boarding scheme has an emphasis on leadership development, community education and self-development.

Next term, RI will start a joint residential leadership programme with 22 students from other schools in the cluster.

Student leaders from Bishan Park Secondary, Peirce Secondary, Guangyang Secondary and Whitley Secondary will join RI students in their boarding programme, working together on community projects such as home refurbishment for residents of rental units.

"The purpose is to create inclusivity and opportunities for students from various schools to work on projects," said a spokesman, adding that the pilot may be extended to more non-RI students if it is well-received.

Separately, the Ministry of Education has a Boarding Awards Scheme, which allows Singaporean students whose parents work or live overseas to stay in hostels here, thus enabling students to continue their studies in Singapore.

About 50 students are now on this scheme, double that of when it was first introduced in 1998.

Ethan Wong, a Sec 2 student at Anglo-Chinese School (Independent), has been staying in the school hostel since the start of this year.

His family is now in Australia as his father, an acting managing director, was posted there in 2014.

"There are many friends at the boarding school and I'm never alone. I have learnt to be more independent," he said.

His mother, housewife Agnes Yang, 40, said: "We felt it would be a big waste to give up (the opportunity to stay at the hostel) as the overseas posting is for only about two years and we didn't wish to disrupt his education here."

yuensin@sph.com.sg

This article was first published on June 13, 2016.
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JAKARTA - Indonesia will not allow Singapore to prosecute its citizens over forest fires that blanketed the region in toxic smog in 2015, media on Monday quoted Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla as saying.

Singapore media said last week the city-state was planning to prosecute Indonesian polluters in Singapore courts under the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act.

Home to the world's third-largest area of tropical forests, Indonesia has been criticised by green activists and by neighbouring Southeast Asian nations for failing to stop the region's annual "haze" caused by forest-clearing for palm and pulp plantations.

"The law that applies is in Indonesia," Kalla told reporters as quoted by Detik.com media portal.

Palm oil is a major growth driver for Indonesia, the world's biggest producer of the edible oil.

Indonesia's president pledged in April to tackle the fires by imposing a moratorium on expansion of plantations.

Click on thumbnail to view photos. Source: 

Reuters, AFP, The Straits Times, Berita Harian

Four hours - that was the time it took for businessman Ong Tiong Yeow to write his father's obituary, a frank, heartfelt poem that has since gone viral on social media.

Four hours was also how long he took to pack his things and leave his family home as a 23-year-old, after his father, Mr Ong Peck Lye, threw him out for standing up to him.

The elder Mr Ong, a wealthy rubber tyre businessman, died of pneumonia last Wednesday aged 82 and was cremated yesterday.

He is survived by his wife, Madam Han Boon Keng, 82, and three sons, aged 46 to 54.

Mr Ong, 52, his second son, penned the tribute as a poem in the first person, based on conversations with his father in his last days.

The verses depicted the complex humanity of his father, describing not just his charitable nature and flamboyance, but also his ego and conflicts with his family.

"I dared to live and now I dare to die," concludes the poem. "I am Ong Peck Lye."

The obituary, which was in The Straits Times on Friday, was shared on Facebook by user Robin Rheaume and had garnered over 4,300 likes and 1,200 shares as of 8pm last night.

Many were moved by the honesty of the poem, which admits that "My last days were dreary and weary" and that "I never got to see my father be/ A husband to my mother so/ I made mistakes being both,/ Trying to be as human as I know."

The late Mr Ong was born in 1935 into poverty, fatherless from a young age. He worked his way from a slum along the Kallang River into prosperity after he co-founded the Stamford Tyres business empire.

He showered his children with privilege, but their relationships were complicated - at some point, he evicted each of them from their bungalow in Upper Serangoon.

Mr Ong said his older brother was thrown out after he converted to Christianity and married into a Eurasian family. His younger brother followed after coming out as gay. Both left Singapore, the oldest moving to Australia and the youngest to the United States.

Said Mr Ong: "My father died before he had the chance to ask my brothers to forgive him."

He himself was ordered to leave when he fought with his father about the treatment of his mother.

He said: "The poem is also a tribute to my mum. My father bullied her, scolded her, kept mistresses - but she tahan (Malay for endure) until the end."

Madam Han said in Mandarin: "We had good times and bad times. He was a generous man. I loved him and he loved me."

Together, she and Mr Ong nursed her late husband through seven years of dementia.

Mr Ong said his father had asked him to move back home a few years after he was kicked out. "He got lonely," he said.

He recalled returning laden with artwork from the beauty pageant franchising company he had set up, determined to show his father how successful he had been. "My father looked at me and said, 'I don't care about all this. I missed you.'

"After that, I did not leave his side again for 25 years."

In the obituary, Mr Ong dubbed himself the "samseng" son. "Samseng" is Malay for gangster. He said this was because in his youth, he was rebellious and did poorly in school. But he was a prolific poet then and wrote more than 500 poems, though none was published.

When he was 16, his father bought him a pickup truck and had him deliver goods after school from the godown to the docks. He would often have to go out to the ships and climb a few storeys up their sides to get the captain to sign the papers.

"He wanted to toughen me up, to show me the same hard life he had led," said Mr Ong.

Mr Ong, who has a nine-year-old daughter, said he wrote the poem to share the lessons from his father's life. "We have only one chance in life to be a husband and a father. We learn what we can from our parents, but we only have one chance to get it right ourselves."

This article was first published on Jun 13, 2016.
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The strong bilateral relationship between Singapore and Mexico can be the foundation for both countries to strengthen their partnership on several levels, said President Tony Tan Keng Yam on Saturday (yesterday, Singapore time) as he wrapped up his five-day state visit to the Latin American country.

On the broadest level, both countries can contribute to boosting relations between the two big regions they are in, he said.

Dr Tan said Mexico is a good gateway for Singapore to grow its presence in Latin America, while Singapore is a springboard for Mexico to enter Asia.

As both countries belong to regional alliances - Singapore is part of Asean while Mexico is a member of the four-country Pacific Alliance - strong ties between both sides will help strengthen relations between the two groupings that account for 800 million people, he said.

But most crucial of all is the bilateral relationship between Singapore and Mexico, said Dr Tan, adding that the memorandums of understanding (MOU) signed during this visit will boost partnership.

A total of six MOUs, most at the government level aimed at promoting trade and investment, were signed during his visit.

"The MOUs will set the stage for these developments, but it doesn't mean they will come automatically. We will have to build on them," he said.

He noted that his state visit has raised the visibility of Singapore in Mexico, but Singapore ministries, agencies and businesses will have to actively seek out opportunities.

There are now 41 Singapore firms operating in Mexico, and 81 Mexican firms operating in Singapore.

Dr Tan said the energy and economic reforms of Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto's administration could change that. When implemented, these reforms will "make Mexico more open, comprehensive, attractive to companies and more international", he said.

He also pledged Singapore's help for Mexican companies to expand in Asia.

"We want to encourage more Mexican companies to come to Singapore... I think it's a two-way street," he said.

He added that with Mexico opening up, there will be more opportunities for Singapore. For instance, Mexico is looking to develop its port and airport, areas in which Singapore has expertise.

During the trip, Dr Tan and Mr Pena Nieto also discussed the Trans- Pacific Partnership, which Singapore and Mexico are members of. When ratified, it will help to boost trade between both countries.

Dr Tan, who visited several museums including the National History Museum during his trip, said he also hoped to encourage more cultural exchanges between both countries.

He said, for instance, that Singapore's budding film industry can learn from Mexico's film industry, citing how Mexican films have an international presence.

He added that Singaporeans are also learning Spanish.

"I hope more Singapore students will come to Mexico," he said.

Dr Tan, who met Mr Pena Nieto on Thursday, has invited him to visit Singapore. The Mexican President's visit would go some way in strengthening Mexico's presence in the city-state and raise awareness of the country among Singaporeans, he added.

Dr Tan left Mexico for Singapore on Saturday evening (yesterday morning, Singapore time).

This article was first published on Jun 13, 2016.
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A Singaporean tourist who went missing for three days in Malaysia has returned home safely and is with his family.

Mr Sinar Widjoyo Tugi, 73, who was reported missing in Pulau Tioman last Wednesday, was located last Saturday morning in Johor Baru, Singapore's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) said.

Mr Sinar Widjoyo's daughter, Ms Haryati, said in a Facebook post last Saturday that her father had been found. She also thanked those who helped in locating her father, including the Malaysian police.

Last Thursday, Pahang Fire and Rescue Department public relations officer Anuar Hassan said 14 staff had been mobilised in a search operation with the police to look for Mr Sinar Widjoyo, who was then last seen at a resort in Kampung Paya on the popular holiday island.

His family lodged a missing person report in Mersing last Wednesday afternoon before the case was referred to the police in Rompin.

According to local media reports, police investigations found that the Singaporean had taken a ferry to Mersing.

The ferry crew said they had seen Mr Sinar Widjoyo, but he did not disembark when they reached the Mersing jetty. He had told the crew that he wished to return to Singapore, and a crew member took him to the bus ticket counter.

He was believed to have taken a bus to Johor Baru, where he was found.

In a statement last Saturday, MFA said the Singapore Consulate-General in Johor Baru, which was in contact with the local authorities, assisted Mr Sinar Widjoyo's family and facilitated his return home.

This article was first published on Jun 13, 2016.
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BEIJING - A move to build a high-speed rail (HSR) line linking Kuala Lumpur and Singapore has attracted interest from various countries with this kind of technology.

Among these countries is China, which aims to build and perhaps help run the proposed 350km-long track in Malaysia and Singapore.

Though somewhat of a latecomer to the scene (its first HSR line was built in 2003), China has aggressively pushed these trains across its country.

In January this year, China had 19,000km of HSR tracks - the longest total in the world. It aims to have 30,000km of HSR line length by 2020.

At the moment, negotiations on the project are ongoing between Malaysia and Singapore.

A memorandum of understanding is also due to be signed in the middle of the year.

With tenders for the project expected to be opened later in 2016, the battle to win the bid for the multi-billion-ringgit contract is expected to get very hot.

Check out The Star TV's news feature on China's interest in the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore high-speed rail project to find out more.

SINGAPORE - Who would you retrench at the workplace? A forty-year-old Indian man whose wife is dying of cancer, or a talented man with several years of service and is a homosexual? Or maybe someone who was formerly a member of the Workers' Party?

In an exercise on getting consensus at the workplace, participants of a Workforce Skills Qualifications (WSQ) course on effective communication were asked to deliberate on who, out of 10 people described, should be retrenched.

However, instead of telling participants to consider how well these people are doing in their jobs and the needs of the company, the course material asked for a decision to be made using information like how one man is a supporter of the People's Action Party and how a woman is working two jobs to support invalid parents.

A photograph of the questionable material was posted on Facebook on June 10 and has already been shared more than 80 times. It was temporarily removed on Monday (June 13) morning.

One Facebook user who saw the post called the material the "holy grail" of workplace discrimination.

The netizen who posted the photo had said that a friend attended the WSQ course and was "appalled" by the material. The course instructor decided to "fail" his friend when he decided not to participate in the discussion, the poster claimed.

From the photo, the course is listed as "Communicate & relate effectively at the workplace", a "softskill course" conducted by external course coordinator Eagle Infotech Consultants under the WSQ Employability Skills Framework.

The course was last conducted on June 7 and 8, according to information found online.

Eagle Infotech told AsiaOne on Monday that the material was taken "out of context" in the post. In fact, participants would have just learnt about diversity at the workplace and respect for people of different backgrounds before embarking on the exercise.

The assessment exercise would thus have been about respecting diversity and about being objective - the direct opposite of what it has been accused of - even though the information provided in the course material is insufficient for participants to make judgement calls on who to let go based on company needs and work performance.

Eagle Infotech also said that the participant who allegedly complained about the exercise had actually taken part in the assessment, contrary to what was claimed in the Facebook post, and had "passed", meaning the instructor deemed him having learnt the core lessons of this exercise.

It added that it has conducted the course for years, and has not gotten a complaint before this.

The Singapore Workforce Development Agency, which manages the WSQ system, has said that it will respond to media queries later on Monday.

sinsh@sph.com.sg

A malfunctioning lift in Sengkang has been shut down for safety checks as the authorities decide not to take any chances in the wake of a series of injuries from lift accidents this year.

The decision was made after residents reported problems with the lift at Block 299A, Compassvale Street last weekend.

Last Friday, a resident of the block, assistant safety manager Tan Joo Jin, 45, told The Straits Times that the lift had stopped randomly between floors and dropped suddenly. Another resident ran into problems with the same lift on Sunday afternoon, Channel NewsAsia reported.

She was heading to her apartment on the ninth floor when the lift jerked and stopped midway for a few seconds before opening at the fifth floor.

When asked, the Pasir Ris-Punggol Town Council said its lift engineer and contractor tested the lift on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

MP Zainal Sapari, chairman of the town council, said no issues were detected after last Friday's report, and that they suspected the problem might be intermittent.

The town council added that its lift engineer and contractor did not experience a jerk and midway stop.

But it shut down the lift on Sunday to do a more thorough check yesterday.

During the check, the lift jerked and stopped for a while before moving again.

The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has since suspended operation of Lift C for further investigations. The town council has to appoint an independent authorised examiner to inspect the lift, recommend rectification works and submit the findings to BCA, it said.

"The investigation and required rectification works must be carried out to the satisfaction of BCA before the lift will be allowed to resume operations," said a spokesman.

The town council added that its lift engineer and lift contractor are "troubleshooting and trying to trace the fault, and will arrange for rectification work once they confirm which faulty parts need replacement". It will also arrange for other lifts with similar feedback to be checked.

Said a spokesman for lift contractor Sigma: "We are aware of this incident and are working to gather more information as quickly as possible."

During a visit to Block 299A yesterday, some residents said they had experienced jerking and other problems with at least one of three lifts servicing their 17-storey block.

Herman Omar, 36, who lives on the fourth floor, said his housing agent was unable to press any of the buttons in another lift in the block around two months ago. The Institute of Technical Education lecturer added: "Sometimes, in the morning, the lift doesn't stop at all on our floor. The waiting time can be more than 10 minutes."

Close to 6pm on Sunday, second-floor resident Almazan Edward Siguerra, 46, said the affected lift stopped at his floor although its display showed it was under maintenance. A notice on the ground floor said: "Encountered lift drop issue at 4.10pm!! Do not use lift C."

"The problem is, they just put it on the ground floor. They should put it on all the floors," added the senior field service engineer.

The BCA said there have been 12 lift incidents that led to injuries since 2013. Five lift incidents were reported in the past eight months.

byseow@sph.com.sg

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SINGAPORE - With its glossy brown fur and long, pendulous nose, Cyrano the proboscis monkey cuts a striking figure in front of the camera.

Its haunting gaze sums up the threats faced by its species: proboscis monkeys are being driven to extinction when they are hunted for food and medicine, and when they are driven out of their homes in the coastal forests of Borneo, the only place in the world they can be found.

These monkeys are endangered in the wild. But last Thursday (June 9), Cyrano - one of the Singapore Zoo's 13 proboscis monkeys - was immortalised in a photograph that would tell future generations why they should pay more attention to the plight faced by its species.

Cyrano was being photographed by National Geographic Fellow and photographer Joel Sartore, who is on a mission to highlight the plight of various threatened species, even those that may not be as charismatic.

"Under Joel's lens, all of them are portrayed as equally worthy of our concerns and protection," said the Singapore Zoo in a statement on Monday (June 13), adding that the Singapore Zoo is the only place in the world where the animal can be seen under human care.

Cyrano was the 6,000th species to be photographed by Mr Sartore under the National Geographic Photo Ark, a project which aims to document 12,000 species of birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates in all.

The picture of Cyrano marks the halfway point for the project. SPH Foundation is the sponsor for the SPH Foundation Conservation Centre and the proboscis monkeys at the Singapore Zoo.

During his 13-day stint in Singapore, Mr Sartore also photographed the critically endangered Singapore freshwater crab, black-winged starling and southern river terrapin. He took photographs of more than 150 animal species in all, at the zoo, the Jurong Bird Park, the Night Safari and the River Safari.

Those interested in viewing the images can do so at : http://nationalgeographic.org/projects/photo-ark/

audreyt@sph.com.sg

This article was first published on June 13, 2016.
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Update: The police have confirmed that Bryan Lim is not a National Serviceman in the police force.

A man who wrote on Facebook that he'd "open fire" is being investigated by the police.

On June 4, Mr Bryan Lim posted on the Facebook page We Are Against Pinkdot In Singapore: "I am a Singaporean. I am a NSman. I am a father. And I swore to protect my nation.

"Give me the permission to open fire. I would like to see these £@€$^*s die for their causes."

He made the comment in response to a post that expressed discontent against multi-national corporations supporting Pink Dot, an annual event in support of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) cause.

Another Facebook user, Mr Kenneth Tan, later flagged Mr Lim's comments on the Singapore Police Force's Facebook page. Yesterday, the police confirmed the report and said investigations were ongoing.

We Are Against Pinkdot In Singapore is a public group where its 7,500-plus members discuss the Pink Dot movement.

It is unclear if Mr Lim was targeting the LGBT community or its supporters.

But coming on the heels of Sunday's deadly attack on a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida, where at least 49 people were killed in what is believed to be the worst mass shooting in US history, news of his post took on added significance.

DISCRIMINATION

Pink Dot spokesman Paerin Choa said in a statement yesterday: "Recent horrific acts of hate underscore the discrimination that continues to be directed at the LGBT community.

"The presence of individuals who harbour such thoughts and publicly perpetuate intolerance deeply saddens and concerns us.

"This clearly shows we should never take what we have for granted and continue to seek dialogue and opportunities to highlight the dangers of discrimination and intolerance."

Responding to a report by online news site Mothership yesterday, Mr Lim apologised for the "misunderstanding": "I did not mean anyone. I meant Bloomberg and foreign intervention in local matters.

"This was taken out of context. I hope this clears the air.

"I did not mean physical bullets nor physical death. I mean open fire in debate and remove them from Singapore domestic matters."

Mr Lim's employer Canon Singapore, said yesterday that it does "not condone violence in any form" and would be "looking into this matter".

harizbah@sph.com.sg

This article was first published on June 14, 2016.
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The National University of Singapore (NUS) has kept the top spot in an annual ranking of Asian universities, while Nanyang Technological University (NTU) moved up one place to third.

Singapore Management University (SMU) entered the rankings for the first time in 60th place.

London-based education and career consultancy Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), which is releasing its rankings this morning, has expanded the top Asian universities list to include the region's 350 best universities, 50 more than in the previous year.

QS has also added another metric - staff with a PhD - in order to add another dimension to its analyses of teaching quality.

The QS Asia University Rankings uses 10 key performance indicators to compare Asian universities, including academic reputation, employer reputation, faculty-student ratio, papers per faculty, the proportion of international faculty and students, and proportion of inbound and outbound exchange students.

QS said NUS, ranked No. 1 for the third year running, achieved a perfect score in four metrics: academic reputation; employer reputation; citations per paper, which measures research impact; and international faculty, measuring an institution's ability to attract staff worldwide.

NTU also achieved a perfect score in four metrics: employer reputation; citations per paper; international faculty; and the proportion of outbound exchange students, which is used to assess a university's success in forging international partnerships with universities worldwide.

NUS president Tan Chorh Chuan said strong government support has enabled the local universities to push for excellence.

He added: "At NUS, our priority is in preparing future-ready graduates and developing top talent, driving innovation and forging strategic collaborations with academic and industry partners, and delivering impact from world-class research."

NTU president Bertil Andersson noted that NTU, despite strong competition from older and more established universities, stands out as No. 1 in Asia for citations per paper.

"This good result is further proof that NTU's investments in research have paid off," he said.

Asked to comment on SMU's debut in the rankings, QS said it included the 16-year-old institution this year as it now offers degrees in information systems and social sciences.

It called SMU's 60th placing a "great achievement" as it is not a comprehensive university.

It added that SMU ranks 25th regionally for citations per paper and had perfect scores for two indicators of internationalisation: international faculty and outbound exchange students.

SMU provost Lily Kong said the university "is highly committed to delivering high-quality teaching and research, for which ranking is only one possible - if imperfect - indicator".

The University of Hong Kong retained its second place, while China's Tsinghua University rose six places to fifth.

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology was placed fourth.

sandra@sph.com.sg

This article was first published on June 14, 2016.
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